長頸鹿 （學名：Giraffa），又稱麒麟鹿，是哺乳动物偶蹄目下一个属，栖居于非洲，是世界上最高的哺乳动物。通常认为，该属目前仅由一个物种组成，仅存的努比亚长颈鹿（Giraffa camelopardalis）为该物种的模式種，为濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约附录II所列的保护动物。但若使用不同方法去分析的话，现存的长颈鹿可以细分为一至八个物种不等。此外，人们目前还发现了七种已灭绝的长颈鹿的化石。
长颈鹿的显著特征有长脖子、长腿、皮骨角，以及它们特有的毛发形态。在生物分类上，它与基因最相近的㺢㹢狓同属长颈鹿科。长颈鹿的分布北起乍得，南达南非，西到尼日尔，东至索马里，常居于疏林草原或是疏林。它们以食用含羞草亚科为主的木本植物的树叶、水果以及花朵为生，其长长的脖子能让它们吃到其他动物够不到的植物。它们也可能成为狮、豹、斑鬣狗和非洲野犬的猎物。长颈鹿是群居动物，带着幼崽的雌鹿和无血缘关系的成年雄鹿都倾向于组成各自的群体，不过它们喜欢社交，有时也会聚到更大的一群里。雄鹿透過脖击（即以脖子为武器的角斗）划分社会等级，当中的优胜者得以与雌鹿交配。雌鹿的唯一责任为养育幼崽。
长颈鹿以其独特的外观和行为成为了从古至今的各种文化的组成元素，经常出现在绘画、书籍、漫画之中。國際自然保護聯盟认定其为易危物種，在部分地区已经局部地區滅絕。长颈鹿是众多國家公園和主题公园的常客，截至2010年，动物园中的长颈鹿有1,600多头。截至2015年，世界上总共约有97,500头长颈鹿。
- THE END -
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